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Lesson 8
Text
Pronunciation
Vocabulary
Grammar
Exercise
Exercise Answers
Text
- Ce xune ye qaangi !
- Năhărxori o ăpazxune păyin e, se tă otăq-xăb bălă.
- Do tă hamum dare. Yeki bălă, yeki păyin.
- In xune az un yeki bozorgtar e, vali un yeki qaangtar az in e.
- Căhăr tă bacce tu hayăt băzi mikonand.
- Un xune panj tă otăq-xăb dare.
- i-kabăb dust dări ?
- Boro Haft-Sin ro becin.
- Părsăl tu Florida yek hat-pă didim.
- Băbak riyăzi noh gerefte, gerye mikone.
- Dojin yani davăzdah tă.
- Sizdah ruz ba'ad az Nowruz ro migan Sideh-be-dar.
Pronunciation
ă |
|
arthur, art |
|
|
shell, she |
x |
|
Spanish jose, or Dutch goede |
c |
|
chair, check |
e |
|
let, check |
q |
|
French rouge |
Vocabulary
Persian |
English |
|
Persian |
English |
Ce |
what |
|
sin |
the letter s |
xăne, xune |
house |
|
Haft-sin |
Persian New Year table with seven items whose names start with letter s |
qaang |
beautiful |
|
cidan |
to set |
năhăr |
lunch |
|
becin |
Set ! (imperative) |
năhărxori |
dining room |
|
Părsăl |
last year |
ăpaz |
cook (noun) |
|
yek |
one |
poxtan |
to cook |
|
hat |
eight |
paz |
cook ! (imperative root) |
|
hat pă |
octopus |
păyin |
down, downstairs |
|
riyăzi |
math |
se |
three |
|
noh |
nine |
tă |
fold, times (as in two-fold, three times) |
|
gerye kardan |
to cry |
otăq |
room |
|
gereftan |
to get |
xăb |
sleep |
|
riyăzi noh gerefte |
He got a 9 (out of 20) in math |
otăq-xăb |
bedroom |
|
dojin |
dozen |
do tă |
two (two-fold) |
|
davăzdah |
twelve |
hamăm, hamum |
bath |
|
sizdah |
thirteen |
bozorg |
big |
|
ba'ad |
after |
bozorgtar |
bigger |
|
miguyand, migan |
they say, they call it |
az |
of, from |
|
Sizdeh-be-dar |
picnic day on the thirteenth day of the Persian New Year |
bozorgtar az |
bigger than |
|
săl |
year |
in xune |
this house |
|
emsăl |
this year |
un yeki |
that one |
|
săl e digar (dige) |
Next year |
qaangtar |
prettier, more beautiful |
|
|
|
vali |
but |
|
|
|
căhăr |
four |
|
|
|
hayăt |
yard |
|
|
|
băzi |
play |
|
|
|
băzi kardan |
to play |
|
|
|
panj |
five |
|
|
|
băzi kardan |
to play |
|
|
|
i |
six |
|
|
|
Haft |
seven |
|
|
|
Grammar
- The sound i at the end of a noun indicates the indefinite article. It is equivalent to the English a (or an), and like in English it can also mean "one".
- The number one is usually used for inanimate objects. The i suffix is used for living beings.
- The absence of the indefinite article makes the noun known. The absence of the i is equivalent to the English "the" or French le, la, or les.
For example:
Xănei ră mibinam. |
I see a house. (remember that ră indicates direct object) |
Yek xăne ră mibinam. |
I see one house.
|
Xăne ră mibinam. |
I see the house. |
- The suffix tar indicates comparative.
bozorg |
big |
bozorgtar |
bigger |
bozorgtar ha |
adults (grown-ups) |
|
|
- When counting objects numbers are usually followed by "times" or "fold". The exception being yek or one.
- When counting, the noun is not pluralized.
For example:
|
yek bacce |
one child |
|
do tă bacce |
two children |
|
se tă xune |
three houses |
- Numbers have distinct names up to 19. After that they are added up from left to right.
dah |
ten |
yăzdah |
eleven |
davăzdah |
twelve |
sizdah |
thirteen |
căhardah |
fourteen |
pănzdah (or punzdah) |
fifteen |
ănzdah (or unzdah) |
sixteen |
hevdah (or hivdah) |
seventeen |
hejdah (or hijdah) |
eighteen |
nuzdah |
nineteen |
bist |
twenty |
bist o yek |
twenty one |
si |
thirty |
si o do |
thirty two |
cehel |
forty |
cehel o se |
forty three |
panjăh |
fifty |
ast |
sixty |
haftăd |
seventy |
hatăd |
eighty |
navad |
ninety |
|
|
sad |
hundred |
sad o bist o yek |
hundred and twenty one |
devist |
two hundred |
devist o si o do |
two hundred and thirty two |
sisad |
three hundred |
sisad o cehel o se |
three hundred and forty three |
căhărsad |
four hundred |
|
|
pănsad |
fifty |
|
|
esad |
six hundred |
|
|
haftsad |
seven hundred |
|
|
hatsad |
eight hundred |
|
|
nohsad |
nine hundred |
|
|
hezăr |
thousand |
|
|
hezăr o căhărsad o navad o do |
1492 |
|
|
hezăr o hatsad o davăzdah |
1812 |
|
|
do hezăr o hat |
2008 |
|
|
se hezăr o ănzdah |
3016 |
|
|
Exercise
Translate the following to Persian :
- I see fourteen houses.
- He/She has five children.
- This house has four bedrooms.
- That one has two bathrooms.
- This house is bigger than that one.
- Băbak is older (bigger) than Nimă.
- I saw a child.
- I bought a book.
- One thousand and one nights.
- Two thousand and five hundred years.
- Children are playing in the yard.
- Three children are playing in the yard.
Exercise Answers
- Căhărdah tă xăne mibinam.
- U panj tă bacce dărad.
- In xăne căhăr tă otăq-xăb dărad.
- Un yeki do tă hamăm dărad.
- In xăne az ăn yeki bozorgtar ast.
- Băbak az Nimă bozorgtar ast.
- Bacce i ră didam.
- Yek ketăb xaridam.
- Hezăr o yek ab.
- Do hezăr o pănsad săl.
- Bacce hă tu hayăt băzi mikonand.
- Se tă bacce tu hayăt băzi mikonand.
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