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Lesson 5

Text 
Pronunciation 
Vocabulary 
Grammar 
Exercise 
Exercise Answers

Text

Diruz raftim xarid.
Ci xaridi ?
Man kafš xaridam, Bijan lebãs xarid.
Xeyli šoluq bud.
Havã ãli bud.
Tu ye otobus šahriar ro didim.
U ma ro nadid.
Ba'ad az xarid raftim nãhãr xordim.

Pronunciation

ã		arthur, art
š		shell, she
x		Spanish jose, or Dutch goede
c		chair, check
e		let, check
q		French rouge

Vocabulary

Persian	English	Persian	English
Diruz	Yesterday	Didim	We saw
Raftim	We went	Nadid	Did not see
Xarid	Shopping
Xaridi	You (singular) bought	Ba'ad	After
Kafš	Shoe	Az	Of
Lebãs	Clothe	Xordim	We ate
Xaridam	I bought	U	He/She
Xeyli	Very	Ma	We
šoluq	Crowded	Ma ro	Us
Havã	Weather
Ãli	Excellent
Bud	Was

Grammar

Past tense root is the verb root minus the an suffix.

Root	English	Past Tense Root
kãr kardan	to work	kãr kard
raftan	to go	raft
didan	to see	did
xordan	to eat	xord
xaridan	to buy	xarid
ãmadan	to come	ãmad

Ra (formal), or Ro (informal) follows the direct object.

Sahriãr rã didim.		We saw Shahriar.
U mã ro nadid.		He did not see us.

To conjugate a verb in past tense, just add the psersonal pronoun suffix to the past tense root. Note that for the 3rd person (He/She) no suffix is needed.

xord-am

I ate

did-am

I saw

raft-am

I went

xord-i

You ate

did-i

You saw

raft-i

You went

xord

He/She ate

did

He/She saw

raft

He/She went

xord-im

We ate

did-im

We saw

raft-im

We went

xord-id

You ate

did-id

You saw

raft-id

You went

xord-and

They ate

did-and

They saw

raft-and

They went

Negation is created by adding the na prefix to the conjugated verb:

Did	He/She saw	Nadid	He/She did not see
Ãmadim	We came	Nayãmadim	We did not come
Raftand	They went	Naraftand	They did not go

Certain expressions that use the past tense of verbs we learned in this lesson:

Did o bazdid			To have visitors and to go visit
Raft o Ãmad			To socialize, to go to people's houses, and have people come to yours

Exercise

Translate the following to Persian :

We worked a lot yesterday.
Last night it rained.
Bijan came yesterday.
I saw Nasrin. She did not see me.
Nasrin made dinner.
The children did not go shopping.
It was not very crowded.

Exercise Answers

Diruz xeyli kãr kardim.
Dišab bãroon ãmad.
Bijan diruz ãmad.
Man Nasrin ro didam. U man ro nadid.
Nasrin šãm dorost kard.
Bacce ha xarid naraftand.
Xeyli šoluq nabud.

Lesson 4 Lesson 6

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